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如何解決 Web/Mail Server 使用了不安全的 SSL 通訊協定

弱點掃瞄

弱點: SSL/TLS Service Supports Weak Protocol

Transport Layer Security (TLS), the successor to Secure Socket Layer (SSL), is a network protocol that encrypt communications between TLS servers (e.g., websites) and TLS clients (e.g., web browsers). Every communication is secured by a cipher suite: a combination of several algorithms working in concert. Networking protocols do not have a defined lifetime, but academics, researchers, and nation states are constantly evaluating them for weaknesses. Consensus on which protocols are untrustworthy evolves over time, and if communications are sent with a weak protocol then that communication can be altered or decrypted.

  • Severity: High
  • Risk: A TLS service was observed supporting weak protocols.
  • Recommendation: Disable the protocols listed in the evidence column of the measurement.

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如何自動將網站的 http:// 網址轉址為 https://

弱點掃瞄

弱點: Site does not enforce HTTPS

The site responds to HTTP requests without ultimately redirecting the browser to a secure version of the page. Since the site allows plaintext traffic, a man-in-the-middle attacker is able to read and modify any information passed between the site and the user. There are a variety of situations in which an attacker can intercept plaintext traffic in a man-in-the-middle position, including but not limited to:

  1. Open Wi-Fi Hotspots
  2. WPA/WPA2 encrypted hot-spots where the attacker connected before the victim
  3. Malicious Wi-Fi access points
  4. Compromised switches and routers
  5. ARP poisoning on the same wired network

It's important to remember that in many of the above situations, an attacker can not only read traffic, but also actively modify the traffic. Even if a site that does not contain sensitive information, an attacker can still inject malicious content to a user’s browser.

  • Severity: High
  • Risk: Site does not enforce the use of HTTPS encryption, leaving the user vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attackers (who can falsify data and inject malicious code).
  • Recommendation: Any site served to a user (possibly at the end of a redirect chain) should be served over HTTPS.

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修改 Windows 的休眠設定，避免電腦自動休眠

我的電腦在某次更新 Windows 10 之後，原本已設定好不讓它自動關機的電腦竟會進入休眠狀態! 原因似乎是進入休眠的時間被改動了，而在 Windows 的設定中卻不容易找到「休眠」的細部選項!

這 Windows 可真愛找麻煩!

先來看一下 Windows 10 關機選單的 4 個選項做為相關知識:

  1. 睡眠 (Sleep, S3): 會將桌面及應用程式的狀態寫入至記憶體，讓電腦以極低的耗電方式維持在開機的狀態，以便在喚醒電腦時，可以立即回到睡眠前的電腦狀態。從 Windows Vista 起，睡眠 (Sleep) 模式已取代了待命 (Standby) 模式。
  2. 休眠 (Hibernate, S4): 會將桌面及應用程式的狀態寫入至磁碟再關閉電腦的電源，電腦下次開機會恢復到休眠前的電腦狀態。從休眠狀態下開機的速度會比睡眠還慢。
  3. 關機 (Shut down, S5): 關閉所有應用程式並關閉電腦的電源，不會自動儲存任何狀態。
  4. 重新開機 (Restart): 關閉所有應用程式並重新啟動電腦及作業系統。

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CentOS 5/6 改為可用的 yum 套件庫來源 (2022)

若執行 yum 出現:

http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6/os/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] PYCURL ERROR 22 - "The requested URL returned error: 404 Not Found"
Trying other mirror.
To address this issue please refer to the below knowledge base article

表示系統預設的 yum 套件庫可能已經不存在!

我們可以在 vault.centos.org 找到可用的套件庫來源:

  • vault.centos.org: http
  • archive.kernel.org: http - rsync (rsync://archive.kernel.org::centos-vault/)
  • linuxsoft.cern.ch: http - rsync (rsync://linuxsoft.cern.ch/centos-vault/)
  • mirror.nsc.liu: http - rsync (rsync://mirror.nsc.liu.se::centos-store/)

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