Vixual

Google Analytics 是一個網站流量統計程式。我覺得對於一般人來說，Analytics 的功能太多了，裡面有一些名詞也不是很好懂，導致進到 Analytics 網站後很難找到想要查看的資料!

本網頁的教學要帶你查看 Analytics 裡記錄的「Referral」資料，這 Referral 資料可以讓我們了解訪客是從哪個網站轉介到我們的網站。

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微軟開發的 Visual Studio Code (簡稱 VS Code) 是一套非常熱門的「編輯器」! VS Code 跨平台，且開放原始碼。它雖然僅是一個輕量版的編輯器，卻可經由安裝延伸模組來支援程式碼語法突顯、偵錯、自動補全、重構、Markdown...等琳瑯滿目功能，打造你夢想中的 IDE (整合開發環境)。

VS Code 預設僅支援 JavaScript、TypeScript、CSS、HTML，同樣能透過下載延伸模組來支援 Python、C/C++、Java、Perl、Go... 等其他程式語言。

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據說 Perl 可能是近幾年會消失的 5 種程式語言之一 (另外 4 個語言分別是 Ruby、Haskell、Object-C 跟 R)! 現在在 Visual Studio Code (簡稱 VS Code) 建立 Perl 的程式開發環境也算是幫 Perl 續一下命，大慈大悲、功德無量。

要建立好整個 Perl 的開發環境主要分為三個步驟:

1. 安裝 Perl 的執行環境
2. 安裝 VS Code Editor
3. 在 VS Code 安裝 Perl 的延伸模組 (Extension)

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弱點掃瞄

弱點: TLS Service Supports Weak Cipher Suite

Transport Layer Security (TLS), the successor to Secure Socket Layer (SSL), is a network protocol that encrypt communications between TLS servers (e.g., websites) and TLS clients (e.g., web browsers). Every communication is secured by a cipher suite: a combination of several algorithms working in concert. Cryptographic algorithms do not have a defined lifetime, but academics, researchers, and nation states are constantly evaluating them for weaknesses. Consensus on which algorithms are untrustworthy evolves over time, and if a communication is protected with a weak cipher suite then that communication can be altered or decrypted.

• Severity: Medium
• Risk: A TLS service was observed supporting weak cipher suites.
• Recommendation: Disable the cipher suites listed in the evidence column of the measurement.

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弱點掃瞄

弱點 1: SSH Supports Weak Cipher

The SSH server is configured to support either Arcfour or Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode cipher algorithms. SSH can be configured to use Counter (CTR) mode encryption instead of CBC. The use of Arcfour algorithms should be disabled.

• Severity: Medium
• Risk: A weak cipher has been detected.
• Recommendation: Configure the SSH server to disable Arcfour and CBC ciphers.

弱點 2: SSH Supports Weak MAC

The SSH server is configured to support MD5 algorithm. The cryptographic strength depends upon the size of the key and algorithm that is used. A Modern MAC algorithms such as SHA1 or SHA2 should be used instead.

• Severity: Medium
• Risk: A weak Message Authentication Code (MAC) algorithm has been detected.
• Recommendation: Configure the SSH server to disable the use of MD5.

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弱點掃瞄

弱點: SSL/TLS Service Supports Weak Protocol

Transport Layer Security (TLS), the successor to Secure Socket Layer (SSL), is a network protocol that encrypt communications between TLS servers (e.g., websites) and TLS clients (e.g., web browsers). Every communication is secured by a cipher suite: a combination of several algorithms working in concert. Networking protocols do not have a defined lifetime, but academics, researchers, and nation states are constantly evaluating them for weaknesses. Consensus on which protocols are untrustworthy evolves over time, and if communications are sent with a weak protocol then that communication can be altered or decrypted.

• Severity: High
• Risk: A TLS service was observed supporting weak protocols.
• Recommendation: Disable the protocols listed in the evidence column of the measurement.

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弱點掃瞄

弱點: Site does not enforce HTTPS

The site responds to HTTP requests without ultimately redirecting the browser to a secure version of the page. Since the site allows plaintext traffic, a man-in-the-middle attacker is able to read and modify any information passed between the site and the user. There are a variety of situations in which an attacker can intercept plaintext traffic in a man-in-the-middle position, including but not limited to:

1. Open Wi-Fi Hotspots
2. WPA/WPA2 encrypted hot-spots where the attacker connected before the victim
3. Malicious Wi-Fi access points
4. Compromised switches and routers
5. ARP poisoning on the same wired network

It's important to remember that in many of the above situations, an attacker can not only read traffic, but also actively modify the traffic. Even if a site that does not contain sensitive information, an attacker can still inject malicious content to a user’s browser.

• Severity: High
• Risk: Site does not enforce the use of HTTPS encryption, leaving the user vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attackers (who can falsify data and inject malicious code).
• Recommendation: Any site served to a user (possibly at the end of a redirect chain) should be served over HTTPS.

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這些指令的執行檔通常是放在 C:\Windows\System32\，可在這些地方執行指令:

• 開始功能表的「執行」
• Win + R 的執行視窗
• Win + Q 或 Win + S 的搜尋視窗
• cmd 命令提示字元
• 檔案總管的「網址列」

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我的電腦在某次更新 Windows 10 之後，原本已設定好不讓它自動關機的電腦竟會進入休眠狀態! 原因似乎是進入休眠的時間被改動了，而在 Windows 的設定中卻不容易找到「休眠」的細部選項!

這 Windows 可真愛找麻煩!

先來看一下 Windows 10 關機選單的 4 個選項做為相關知識:

1. 睡眠 (Sleep, S3): 會將桌面及應用程式的狀態寫入至記憶體，讓電腦以極低的耗電方式維持在開機的狀態，以便在喚醒電腦時，可以立即回到睡眠前的電腦狀態。從 Windows Vista 起，睡眠 (Sleep) 模式已取代了待命 (Standby) 模式。
2. 休眠 (Hibernate, S4): 會將桌面及應用程式的狀態寫入至磁碟再關閉電腦的電源，電腦下次開機會恢復到休眠前的電腦狀態。從休眠狀態下開機的速度會比睡眠還慢。
3. 關機 (Shut down, S5): 關閉所有應用程式並關閉電腦的電源，不會自動儲存任何狀態。
4. 重新開機 (Restart): 關閉所有應用程式並重新啟動電腦及作業系統。

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若執行 yum 出現:

http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6/os/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] PYCURL ERROR 22 - "The requested URL returned error: 404 Not Found"
Trying other mirror.
To address this issue please refer to the below knowledge base article

表示系統預設的 yum 套件庫可能已經不存在!

我們可以在 vault.centos.org 找到可用的套件庫來源:

• vault.centos.org: http
• archive.kernel.org: http - rsync (rsync://archive.kernel.org::centos-vault/)
• linuxsoft.cern.ch: http - rsync (rsync://linuxsoft.cern.ch/centos-vault/)
• mirror.nsc.liu: http - rsync (rsync://mirror.nsc.liu.se::centos-store/)

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